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Lothair of France
Lothair ((フランス語:Lothaire); (ラテン語:Lothārius); 941 – 2 March 986), sometimes called Lothair III〔Jonathan Jarrett, "Caliph, King, or Grandfather: Strategies of Legitimization on the Spanish March in the Reign of Lothar III", ''The Mediaeval Journal'', 1, 2 (2011):1–22.〕 or Lothair IV,〔He was the fourth Lothair to rule in the former Carolingian empire (after Lothair I, Lothair II of Lotharingia and Lothair II of Italy), but only the third to rule over part of what became France.〕 was the Carolingian king of West Francia from 10 September 954.
==Regency==
Lothair, born near the end of 941, was the son of Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 1〕 He succeeded his father in 954 at the age of thirteen and was crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi by Artald of Reims, Archbishop of Reims.〔''The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966'', eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 60〕 Lothair's mother made an arrangement with her brother-in-law Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris, who had been an adversary to Lothair's father.〔''The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966'', eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. xix〕 In exchange for supporting Lothair's rule Hugh was given rule over Aquitaine and much of Burgundy〔 (Volume III, Table of Contents )〕 as more or less a viceroy.〔 Lothair inherited a kingdom where the great magnates took lands, rights and offices almost without any regard for the king's authority.〔George Holmes, ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe'' (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 163〕 Magnates like Hugh the Great and Herbert II, Count of Vermandois were always a veiled threat.〔
In 955, Lothair and Hugh together took Poitiers by siege. With Hugh the Great's death in 956, Lothair, only fifteen, came under the guardianship of his maternal uncle Bruno, archbishop of Cologne. With Bruno's advice, Lothair mediated between Hugh's sons, Hugh Capet and the younger Otto Henry. The king gave Paris and the ducal title to Capet, although he later invested Otto with the Duchy of Burgundy in 960.
Altogether Lothair ruled for thirty-two years. His son Louis was crowned in June 978,〔As the transition from elected kings to hereditary kings took place, fathers undertook to crown their successors before their deaths. See earlier Charlemagne's crowning of his sons, and later Hugh Capet's crowning of his son Robert. In general see 〕 but did not actually assume power until Lothair's death in 986.
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